The Impact of the World Trade Center Attacks on New York Citys Economy :: Economics

The Impact of the World Trade Center Attacks on New York City's Economy A study by the New York City Partnership and the Chamber of Commerce estimates that New York City's economy will sustain a gross loss of about $83 billion and lose 57,000 jobs over three years as a result of the World Trade Center attacks. The study, which was released Nov. 15, said even after payment of insurance claims and federal reimbursement for rescue, cleanup and infrastructure repair costs, the net damage to the economy is likely to be at least $16 billion in lost economic output. "If third-party reimbursement is delayed or inadequate, or if New York lags behind the nation in recovery from the national recession, the loss could be far greater." The report estimates that 125,000 jobs would be lost in the fourth quarter of this year as a direct result of the attack. "While many of these jobs will return, New York City will still have a net loss of approximately 57,000 jobs attributable to the attack at the end of 2003," the partnership said in the report. The NYCP brought together a group of consultants and economists to help tally and evaluate how the attacks of Sept. 11 would impact the main drivers of the city's economy, especially the financial services industry. Consultancies including A.T. Kearney, Bain & Company, Booz Allen Hamilton, KPMG, McKinsey & Company, Boston Consulting Group and PwC Consulting worked on the report. The group in turn worked with state agencies as well as the Federal Reserve Bank to cull economic data and provide assesssments of 14 separate private industry sectors. Not surprisingly, the study showed that lower Manhattan absorbed the greatest damage. In addition to the thousands of lives that were lost in the destruction of the World Trade Center, the downtown region lost 100,000 jobs along with close to 30 percent of office space in the wake of the attack. "This puts at risk many of the 270,000 jobs that are still located in the area south of Chambers Street." The financial services industry, which generates 24 percent of the city's $440 billion annual economic output and 14 percent of the city's tax revenue, was by the far the most impacted in the short term.

Black on Black Crime Essay

Undeniably, stereotyping has always been rampant in our society. These stereotyping may either be through gender, age, occupation and the most popular of all, perhaps—race. Part of stereotyping is associating a certain group of people to whether good or bad demeanor. And perhaps, almost known to all is the black-on-black crime. This kind of crime is usually pushed to happen due to the prejudice of the society. As Black Americans are subjected to discrimination and injustice, black-on-black crimes are most likely to occur. Black-on-black crimes are the kind of crimes which are committed on Blacks with their fellow Blacks as the offenders. At present, the African Americans remain more segregated that any other racial group in the world. Some of them even experience â€Å"residential isolation† (Quillian, 1999). Past studies show that â€Å"white flight† or the avoidance of white is the main reason of racial discrimination. While there are only 12 percent African American living in the United States, 45 percent of the victims of murder in year 2002 also come from them; 91 percent of them are killed by their fellow Black Americans. Statistics show that homicide tops the list of the leading causes of death among Black men, while suicide in landed on the second notch on the causes of death among Black women aged 15-24 (Greaves). These figures or statistics, of course, are just a reflection of social reality. Racial discrimination, though not as rampant in the past decades still hounds out society that is a great factor contributing to the crime rate among Black Americans. â€Å"BLACK-ON-BLACK CRIME† PAGE#2 Prior Research Despite the society’s eventual tolerance on racial differences, there are still studies that show that whites do not prefer in places where there are a lot of African Americans thriving in. In a research survey conducted, most of the white Americans who were asked in the survey said they prefer living in a community where the population of African American is less than 30 percent. (Clark) Studies showing the trends of mobility actually show that neighborhoods or communities with relatively high population of Black families have the tendency to have a â€Å"collapsed† population of white families (Quillian 1999). This means that white Americans tend to move out the place if it is more dominant of the black Americans. In the long run, these neighborhoods would be dominated fully by black Americans. Perceptions on Crime Empirical studies were never really enough to back up the perception of neighborhoods and communities about crime. There are no really a significant number of studies which focus on the black-on-black crimes. But then there are two main factors that are believed to influence the perception of a neighborhood towards crime. First is the observable characteristic which is the neighborhood’s racial composition. In the United States, for example, most of the neighborhoods or communities can be categorized into either dominant of blacks or dominant of whites. Factors like economic class where an individual belong is not easy to gauge based on physical characteristic. â€Å"BLACK-ON-BLACK CRIME† PAGE#3 The second factor would be the stereotypes that relate a certain group of people with crime. An example of this would be the African-American or the Blacks who are often associated with rampant crimes known by all Americans (Devine and Elliot 1995). Studies furthered that information that are consistently seen are stereotypes are most likely to be noticed or remembered by people than those information stereotypes that are not usually used (Robert, Evans, and Fulero1979). Stereotypes may also lead to the salience of the stereotypes which are associating certain groups of people on committing crimes. Thus, media reports would most likely to focus on news reports that are guilty of stereotyping. These kinds of media reports reinforce the association of crime and race in the minds of the people, or to be specific, to the mind of the audience. Causes Divergent to the common notion that racism or discrimination is the main cause of black-on-black crime, there are actually a lot of factors causing the perpetuation of such crimes. Racism or discrimination is not the sole reason for the existence of â€Å"evil attitudes. † Among of them urging â€Å"evil attitudes† are: high rates of out-of-wedlock pregnancies and births, abortions, child abuse, and broken families that continually hound the different black communities. Empirical data show that teenagers or the young adults are the ones who are usually involved in troubles, thus increasing their vulnerability to committing crimes. These data apply to Black Americans. But these figures cannot actually generalize all of the Black Americans. â€Å"BLACK-ON-BLACK CRIME† PAGE#4 In the case of Unites States, youngsters (or the Black Americans to be specific) are usually involved in peer groups some even call it â€Å"gangtas. † Majority of these kinds of groups are said to be constantly involved in riots or rumbles mostly with their fellow teenagers and Black Americans. Teenagers are groups of peers who seem to act like a â€Å"broken window† which signals crime (Maxfield 1981). This most likely applies most likely to young black men (Anderson 1990) in neighborhoods with â€Å"mixed racial† inhabitants. Combating Black-on-Black Crimes The problem on black-on-black crime cannot be instantly resolved. The way towards the solution of this social problem would really entail a lot of efforts and factors. It may take years, decades or more for us to get over or to lessen the rate of black-on-black crimes. But then, if we are really determined to combat or at least lessen the figures of the occurrence of black-on-black crime, then, we will surely be successful in our aim. This plight is not just the plight of the Black Americans. Everyone is affected when Black-on-black crimes happen—whether directly or indirectly. As follows are the probable solutions that may address the social plight on black-on-black crimes. Some may be too mundane for some, but it will contribute to the eradication of the problem. One of the main factors, perhaps, pushing the Blacks to commit crime against their fellow Blacks is their low self-esteem. We can avoid the Black on Black Crimes by giving them enough and proper education not only to the African-American children but also to the Caucasian â€Å"BLACK-ON-BLACK CRIME† PAGE#5 children. It is because, the usual educational curriculum among schools, especially in the K-12 levels, is teaching that European descendants are the superior race while the Blacks are inferior. Another is â€Å"identifying and helping potential offenders. † We should first identify who are the common groups of people are involved in black-on-black crimes. Researches show that black-on-black crimes usually happen among the youngsters. We should help them in overcoming their unpleasant behavior. Those behaviors are, in reality, brought about also by some social factors. There are certain problems within our society that need to be immediately addressed before we could completely dwell in our problem on black-on-black crimes. More so, better law enforcement could also help in eradicating the problem on black-on-black crimes. Also this will not really guarantee that crimes will never happen again, this will ensure that there is a strict monitoring of what is happening in the society. But then, there should also be also respect on the Black offenders. They may be criminals, but they should still be treated as human. If offenders are immediately identified, there will be lesser crimes as the police or the authorities are faster in terms of solving the crime. Part and parcel of this solution is also the strict implementation of available laws. If authorities are not strict in implementing their own policies pertaining to crime, offenders will not be intimidated and ashamed to commit any crimes—whether it is a black-on-black crime or not. â€Å"BLACK-ON-BLACK CRIME† PAGE#6 And last but not the least, there should be â€Å"community involvement† in fighting this social predicament. It is not just an issue of Blacks against Blacks. It is an issue concerning everyone. The Blacks should not be treated differently by the society. It is just the complexion that differs, anyway. In a study conducted by the Chicago Crime Factors and Neighborhood Decline in 1978, respondents were asked about their perception on the crimes that are happening in their community. The survey was done through a telephone survey involving 3300 household members in eight chosen community areas in Chicago. The communities were chosen in terms of their racial composition, property values, and crime rates. In each community, there were 400 household members chosen randomly. Based on the results, there is a significant association of racial composition to the respondents’ perception on the crimes in their neighborhood. As hypothesized, as a neighborhood has a higher percentage of Black American inhabitants, the respondents have higher perceived rates on the crime rates within their community. The association of Black Americans with crime rate is both applicable to Black and White Americans, who are the respondents of the study. The survey conducted in Chicago just shows how the Black Americans are perceived by White Americans and even by their fellow Black Americans. They are associated with crimes. We have to break this particular stereotype than Black Americans would mean higher crime rate. Instead of being mere observers of this social plight, we do something to break this kind of problem. â€Å"BLACK-ON-BLACK CRIME† PAGE#7 Black-on-black crimes usually happen because of the treatment that the Black Americans get from the society. If we open about our racial differences, Black-on-black crimes would be lessened—at least. We would just usually smirk if we hear stories of crimes committed by Blacks on their fellow Blacks. Our mind set is that, we are not affected, anyway. Some even blame the Blacks alone for doing those â€Å"criminal acts. † We tend to forget that everything is connected to everything else. We tend also to â€Å"wash our hands† over the issue of Black-on-black crimes. We are unmindful that we have also our part on the perpetuation of these kinds of crimes. Conclusion The society is a very crucial factor towards the development of an individual. The environment is a vital determinant on what kind of individual one could be. How the society looks on a particular group of people usually reflect the demeanor of an individual within the group. For example, the case of the Black Americans is a clear manifestation of the society’s prejudice. The salient issue that Black Americans are most likely to commit crimes against their fellow Black Americans affects the psychological being of the Blacks. In a nutshell, it is the society which is the main root of Black-on-black crimes. Ironically, it is also the society which will play the most important and most crucial part towards the resolution of this social plight. A society with open mind is what we need. A society that is void of prejudices, stereotypes, and judgment. By this, black-on-black crimes will be solved. Outline I. Introduction II. Overview of Black on Black Crimes A. Prior Researches B. Statistics C. Perceptions on Crime III. Causes of Black on black crimes IV. Combating Black on Black Crimes References: Anderson, Elijah. Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. Clark, William A. V. â€Å"Residential Preferences and Neighborhood Racial Segregation: A Test of the Schelling Segregation Model. † Demography 28. 1 (1991): 1-19. Devine, P. G. and A. J. Elliot. â€Å"†Are Racial Stereotypes Really Fading? The Princeton Trilogy Revisited. â€Å"† Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21. 11 (1995): 1139-50. Diiulio, John. â€Å"White Lies About Black Crime â€Å", 1995. Edwards, Jennifer. â€Å"Black-on-Black Crime Increasing, Reports Say † Cincy post May 12, 2001 2001 Greaves, Fielding. â€Å"Black-on-Black Crime. † The Coastal Post March 19, 1997 1997 Jones, Annie Lee. † Black Crime, Black Victims. † New York Times July 4, 1982 1982 Jones, R Jeneen. â€Å"The Truth About Black Crime. † 2003. Mason, Timothy. â€Å"On Race and the Measurement of Crime†. 2007. April 10, 2007. . Quillian, Devah Pager and Lincoln. â€Å"Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime. † Trans. Center for Demography and Ecology. Meeting of the Population Association of America in New York City. University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1999. Sik, Melched. â€Å"Blacks on Black Crime†. 2007 A pril 10, 2007 2007. < http://www. zimbio. com/portal/RBG+Afrikan-+Centered+Cultural+Development+and+Education/blog/251>. Wickham, DeWayne. â€Å"Where’s the Outrage over Black-on-Black Killings? † USA Today January 2,2007 2007

Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly

Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly This exercise will give you practice in applying our Guidelines for Using Quotation Marks Effectively (U.S. edition). InstructionsInsert quotation marks wherever they are needed in the sentences below. When youre done, compare your answers with those on page two. For several weeks in 2009, the Black Eyed Peas held the top two spots on the music charts with their songs I Gotta Feeling and Boom Boom Pow.Last week we read A Modest Proposal, an essay by Jonathan Swift.Last week we read A Modest Proposal; this week were reading Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery.In a famous New Yorker essay in October 1998, Toni Morrison referred to Bill Clinton as our first black president.Bonnie asked, Are you going to the concert without me?Bonnie asked if we were going to the concert without her.In the words of comedian Steve Martin, Talking about music is like dancing about architecture.The indie folk band Deer Tick sang What Kind of Fool Am I?Was it Dylan Thomas who wrote the poem Fern Hill?Uncle Gus said, I heard your mother singing Tutti Frutti out behind the barn at three oclock in the morning.Ive memorized several poems, Jenny said, including The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost.All our failures, wrote Iris Murdoch, are ultimately failures in love. Answers to the exercise Practice in Using Quotation Marks Correctly For several weeks in 2009, the Black Eyed Peas held the top two spots on the music charts with their songs â€Å"I Gotta Feeling† and â€Å"Boom Boom Pow.†Last week we read A Modest Proposal, an essay by Jonathan Swift.Last week we read A Modest Proposal; this week were reading Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery.In a famous New Yorker essay in October 1998, Toni Morrison referred to Bill Clinton as our first black president.Bonnie asked, Are you going to the concert without me?Bonnie asked if we were going to the concert without her. [no quotation marks]In the words of comedian Steve Martin, Talking about music is like dancing about architecture.The indie folk band Deer Tick sang What Kind of Fool Am I?Was it Dylan Thomas who wrote the poem Fern Hill?Uncle Gus said, I heard your mother singing Tutti Frutti out behind the barn at three oclock in the morning.Ive memorized several poems, Jenny said, including The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost.All our failures, wrote Iris Murdoch, are ultimately failures in love.

Changing Caption Numbering in Microsoft Word

Changing Caption Numbering in Microsoft Word Changing Caption Numbering in Microsoft Word We’ve previously explained how to add captions to charts, tables and figures in Microsoft Word. But what should you do if the default caption style or numbering doesn’t suit your needs? Maybe, for example, your college style guide recommends a different formatting for captions than the standard style in Word. Or maybe you want to use an alternative numbering system. Luckily, this is all easy to achieve via the â€Å"Style† options in Word. Editing Caption Style If you want to use a different font for captions, you could go through them all changing this manually. However, it’s much quicker to change the caption style instead (instructions apply for Word 2007 and later): Go to the â€Å"Styles† section of the â€Å"Home† tab and find â€Å"Caption† Right click â€Å"Caption† and select â€Å"Modify† to open a new window The Styles menu. Pick the font and formatting options required Click â€Å"OK† to apply the new style Modifying the Caption style. If the â€Å"Caption† style isn’t showing in the â€Å"Home† tab, you may have to click the little arrow in the bottom corner to open the â€Å"Styles† sidebar. If it still isn’t showing, click â€Å"Options† here and make sure that â€Å"All styles† is selected in the â€Å"Select styles to show† menu. Style pane options. Creating a New Caption Style For even greater customization, you can even create a brand new caption style. To do this: Open the â€Å"Styles† sidebar and click the â€Å"New Style† button Creating a new style. In the new window, select â€Å"Caption† in the â€Å"Style based on† menu Select the font and formatting options required Type a name for your new style in the â€Å"Name† box (e.g., â€Å"Caption 2† or â€Å"Custom Caption†) Click â€Å"OK† to create your style To ensure that the font changes back to the paragraph style once you’ve written a caption and hit â€Å"Enter,† you may also want to select â€Å"Normal† from the â€Å"Style for following paragraph† menu. You can also create a new style via the style menu on the main ribbon by selecting Create a Style and clicking Modify to bring up the full set of style options. Creating a style via the main ribbon. Writing Custom Captions When you add captions using â€Å"Insert Caption,† Microsoft Word numbers them automatically according to the label assigned (e.g., â€Å"Figure 1,† Figure 2,† â€Å"Figure 3,† and so on). However, if you don’t want to use this numbering system (e.g., if you want captions in your dissertation to include the chapter number, so the figures in the first chapter are labelled â€Å"Figure 1a,† â€Å"Figure 1b,† â€Å"Figure 1c,† etc.) you’ll need to add captions manually. You can do this by selecting the relevant â€Å"Caption† style from the style menu, placing the cursor where you want the caption to appear in your document, and simply typing the caption desired. You can even use different caption styles for tables, charts and figures if you create a style for each! If you do, though, don’t forget that when adding a list of tables, charts or figures, you’ll need to select the relevant style when creating the list. To do this: Click â€Å"Insert Table of Figures† to open the menu Inserting a table of charts/figures. Click â€Å"Options† to open a new window Under the â€Å"Style† menu, pick the relevant caption style and click â€Å"OK† Custom caption options. Click â€Å"OK† in the main â€Å"Insert Table of Figures† menu to create your list You can then list each of the different caption types separately, which is useful if you have large numbers of illustrations, charts and tables that you want to keep distinct from one another.

Swedish Daddies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Swedish Daddies - Assignment Example This is also to ensure that pressures to comply with the rest of the world by allowing paid paternity leave will reduce chances of employee turnover for those with families (Kamerman, Kamerman and Moss, 2011). The key stakeholders in the dilemma mentioned above include the fathers and the company policy makers and management. The fathers have to choose between working for an organization even without paid paternity leave hence risking their jobs as opposed to risking divorce and leaving their wives to handle everything concerning the baby on their own. This is a tough decision and for those companies without a paternity policy, the fathers just stay in their jobs and work. As for the policy makers and management of the companies that lack paid paternity leave, they risk family-oriented fathers leaving the company and looking for companies that have such policies. They therefore have to think of integrating such a policy. Since money issues will arise, they have to seek assistance from government as well as borrow a few leaves from other organizations with similar policies or simply reduce the paternity leave. Taking paternity leave paid or not depends on the character of an individual. Virtue ethics come to play here because there are those companies with the paid paternity leave but fathers do not take them. Culture is also different in different countries. Countries that are more masculine-oriented do not see the point in paternity leave as the role of child rearing is the work of women (Brandth, et al. 2011). For companies considering whether to establish such a leave policy, they should first think about the culture then think about the virtue ethics which may mean establishing the policy but not making it a mandate for the fathers to take the leave. To however know the virtue of the male employees, research should be carried out and no assumptions made. The

Ford Motor Company and Mitsubishi Motor Corporation Essay

Ford Motor Company and Mitsubishi Motor Corporation - Essay Example More and more consumers are buying automobiles and development of better infrastructure in terms of road networks has yielded more usage of automobiles by the consumers. Ford has a market share of 18% in the global market whereas Mitsubishi Motors has a market share of around 1 to 2%. There is a lot of competition in the automobile market with big giants of US car manufacturers, Japan car manufacturers and European car manufacturers across the world. The other competitors include Chrysler, General Motors Corporation, Toyota Motors, Nissan, Honda, Mercedes, and BMW. To answer my question I've used variety or research methods: Primary research methods and Secondary research methods. Primary research involves obtaining original data directly about the product and market. Primary research data is data that does not exist before, this data is accumulated to answer specific question. I used this research method because it provides the actual date directly from the market and analysis or this data can give accurate results. Secondary research methods include gathering data that has already been produced from relevant sources. Less effort is required in gathering this information and hence more concentration can be done on analyzing this information. The results from research are attached as Appendix-A Ford Motor Company holds a competitive edge over Mitsubishi Motors as it has captured a market share of 18% world wide as appose to Mitsubishi Motors 1.5% only. Other than North America, Ford Motor Company sales are higher and are steadily growing. Mitsubishi Motors apart from Russian markets has failed to capture any significant sales. Ford Motor Company has shown profit for the third consecutive year amounting to $2 billion or 1.04 per share giving rich dividend to the investors and gaining trust of investors thereby hoping to get more investments in the next year. Mitsubishi motors trying to survive have suffered an operating loss of 13.8 Billion yen for the first quarter of 2005 alone. Significant root cause being the loss of revenue due to fewer sales in North American markets. Ford Motors Company had a Sales Revenue of $178.1 Billion in 2005 as appose to $171.7 billion in 2004 significantly indicating the increase in the sales world wide. Mitsubishi motors had generated Sales revenue of 485.8 billion yen, down 71.8 billion yen from the same period last year (557.6 billion yen), indicating a downward trend in the sales of Mitsubishi vehicles world wide. Questionnaires and interviews with the different people have yielded a sure case of popularity of Ford brand names as oppose to the Mitsubishi brand names. Mitsubishi has one

The Terms and Conditions Contained In a Contract of Employment Essay

The Terms and Conditions Contained In a Contract of Employment - Essay Example The paper tells that the employment contract may be written or agreed verbally in certain instances. Nonetheless, it is necessary, and an employee has a statutory right, to obtain a written statement of the employment terms some two months after the beginning of an employment in the event that no such formal agreement was made. The employee has to check his entitlement to this right as some may not be entitled to some statutory rights. By accepting a job offer, an employee agrees to abide by the conditions of authority relationship provided on the employment contract. These are referred to as the terms and conditions of the contract. The contract of employment defines the rights of the employees that will help in solving problems that may arise in the course of the contract. The employee and the employer are bound by the written agreement until the contract ends or until the terms of the contract are adjusted. The termination of a contract is often preceded by a written notice to the employees while the terms and condition of a contract will be adjusted after an agreement between the employer and the employee. An employee will enter into an employment contract as soon as he/she takes on an employment to create the employment relationship. The contract of employment may be written or verbal, but a written agreement is appropriate for a formal employment. The contract of employment will contain essential information; the details of employer/employees, date of commencement of the contract, place of work, role and duties of the employees, rate and mode of payment, sick pay arrangement, holiday leaf and pay, pension schemes, and the different policies governing the employment deal. An employment contract will be defined by the terms and condition of the contract. There is some difference between terms and conditions as referred to here. The terms of an employment contract define all that an employer and an employee will expect from each other.